Direct and Indirect Speech
When we change the direct speech into indirect sentences, there are some things that are changing them changes in sentence structure, tense, pronouns (personal pronouns), description of time and place (Adverbs of time and place).Before going further into sub-discussion above, it is good there is also understood what was meant Reporting Speech and Reported SpeechReporting Speech is part of the sentence in direct speech is marked by quotation marks (") and at the end by a quotation mark (").While Reported Speech is the beginning of a sentence baigan direct speech.
He said, "I had a nice and beautiful clothes"
He asked me, "." Why should tomorrow
1. Structure change of sentence
If we look at the direct speech sentence, there are characteristics that are identical quotation marks ("). Tada learned is a way that is often used to distinguish which are direct or indirect.
When the changed climates of direct speech into indirect speech sentence, the quotation marks were removed or replaced with the word "that" or "to" (for command line). For example:
Direct Speech
-He said, "I had a nice and beautiful clothes.
-He asked me, "why should tomorrow.
Indirect Speech
-"He asked me why should tomorrow.
-"He said that he had a nice and beautiful clothes
2. Tense changes (tenses)
As explained upfront, perbuahan from direct to indirect also affects the tense used. Most students difficult to understand change this one. To that end, the author deliberately made the table changes tense to be easily understood.
Below is a table of tenses change direct speech into indirect speech.
Direct Speech
-Simple Present
-Present Continuous
-Present Future
-Present Perfect
-Present Perfect Continuous
-Simple Past
-Past Continuous
Indirect Speech
-Simple Past
-Past Continuous
-Future Past
-Past Perfect
- Past Perfect Continuous
-Past Perfect
-Past Perfect Continuous
3. Pronoun changes
And possessive pronouns change depending on sabjek and objects used in direct speech (sentences directly) that would affect the change pronouns in indirect speech (sentences not directly).
First person pronouns (I and We) on speech reporting (see explanation in the beginning) change according to the subject that is in reproted speech.
No.Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said, 'I am happy. "He said that he was happy.
02 I said, 'I will sleep. ' I said that I would be sleep.
03 They said, 'We will not joined the show. ' They said that they would not joined the show.
04 We said, 'We need eating .' We said that we needed eating.
The second person pronoun (You) in reporting speech in direct speech changes according to object to reported speech.
No.Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said to me, 'You have go with me. "He told me that go with me.
02 She said to me, 'You can go .' She told me that I could go.
03 She said to him, 'You can go.' She told him that he could go.anti
Said a third person (He, she, it and they) do not experience the direct speech He said, 'She actors in cute. "He said that she was a cute actor.
She said, 'They flood is comming.' She said that floods have comming.
They said, 'He does not multitalent They said that he did not have talent.perubahan when changed into indirect speech.
.Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said, 'She actors in cute. "He said that she was a cute actor.
She said, 'They flood is comming. ' She said that floods have comming.
They said, 'He does not multitalent They said that he did not have talent.
4. Specification changes in time and place (Adverbs of time and place)
Not only that, the changes from direct speech to indirect speech also affects especially adverbs adverb of time (time information) and adverb of place (description of place). For that you must understand the table below.
No.Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01Now Then
02To day That day
03Tomorrow The next day
The day after The following day /A day later
04Next ...
The ... after
The following ...
05Last ...The ... before The Previous ...
06... ago... before... Earlier
07Yesterday The day before
The previous day The preceeding day
08 The day before yesterday Two day before
09Here There
10This That
11These Those
Below are examples of direct and indirect speech to increase the understanding of the above explanation.
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
(He + sa) id, "I have a nice beautiful clothes and good. He said that he had nice clothes beautiful and good
(-) He said, "I do not have a clothes my good and beautiful" He said that he did not have a clothes a good.
(?) He asked, "Do I have a good n beautiful clothes?" He asked me if / Whether he had a good and beautiful clothes.
(?) He asked me, "Why do I have to have a clothes a good and beautiful? He asked me why he had to have a good and beautiful clothes?
(!) He ordered / commanded me, "Bring my clothes here now!" He ordered / commanded me to bring his clothes there then.
(!) He ordered me, "Do not bring your clothes here!" He ordered me not to bring my clot hes there.
